{"id":105498,"date":"2025-09-16T21:40:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T19:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/projekty\/green-bipropellant-apogee-rocket-engine-for-future-spacecraft-phase-2-grace-ii\/"},"modified":"2025-12-17T13:12:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T12:12:47","slug":"green-bipropellant-apogee-rocket-engine-for-future-spacecraft-phase-2-grace-ii","status":"publish","type":"projekty","link":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/projekty\/green-bipropellant-apogee-rocket-engine-for-future-spacecraft-phase-2-grace-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Green bipropellant apogee rocket engine for future spacecraft &#8211; Phase 2 (GRACE II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Conventional chemical rocket propulsion systems use standard propellant compositions: hydrazine and its derivative \u2013 monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), combined with mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON). The number of activities worldwide focus on development of components and subsystems of green propulsion \u2013 the alternative for standard solutions containing toxic propellants. The aim of GRACE II is further development of a major subsystem for GEO satellite propulsion \u2013 LAE (Liquid Apogee Engine). The role of this thruster is to provide extra velocity for the final orbit insertion. The engine uses hydrogen peroxide in very high concentration as the oxidizer, combined with reduced-toxicity fuel. This is a high-performance propellant composition, providing specific impulse in a similar level as MON\/MMH. The implementation of alternative, non-toxic propellants may lead to develop a new, green propulsion system, affecting reduction of the GOSM (Ground Operation and Safety Management) cost. The Technology Readiness Level \u2013 TRL 3, reached in the framework of GRACE I, is currently being increased to TRL 5. It means that the laboratory verified concept will be developed to a functional, flight-like technology demonstrator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project leader:\u00a0<\/strong>Pawe\u0142 Surmacz<br><strong>Phone:\u00a0<\/strong>(+ 48) 22 188 37 98<br><strong>E-mail:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"mailto:pawel.surmacz@ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\">pawel.surmacz@ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl<\/a><br><strong>Date:\u00a0<\/strong>19.11.2019 \u2013 18.05.2022<br><strong>Funding institution:\u00a0<\/strong>ESA \u2013 European Space Agency<br><strong>Programme:\u00a0<\/strong>NMS-Poland<br><strong>Consortium:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network \u2013 Institute of Aviation (Poland) Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V (DRL) (Germany)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"111\" height=\"76\" src=\"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/09\/esa.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/09\/esa.png 111w, https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/09\/esa-24x16.png 24w, https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/09\/esa-36x25.png 36w, https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/09\/esa-48x33.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 111px) 100vw, 111px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conventional chemical rocket propulsion systems use standard propellant compositions: hydrazine and its derivative \u2013 monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), combined with mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON). The number of activities worldwide focus on development of components and subsystems of green propulsion \u2013 the alternative for standard solutions containing toxic propellants. The aim of GRACE II is further [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":208,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"rodzaj-projektu":[1042],"class_list":["post-105498","projekty","type-projekty","status-publish","hentry","rodzaj-projektu-research-projects"],"acf":{"czas_czytania":"3","wyroznij":"0"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/projekty\/105498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/projekty"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/projekty"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/208"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/projekty\/105498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106472,"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/projekty\/105498\/revisions\/106472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"rodzaj-projektu","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rodzaj-projektu?post=105498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}